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Osmo-fl2k » History » Revision 27

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laforge, 04/23/2018 06:29 PM
link to rtl-sdr, cosmetics (more paragraphs


osmo-fl2k

Introduction

Since rtl-sdr has been released a couple of years ago, cheap SDR receivers are ubiquitous. SDRs with transmission capability have become cheaper as well, but are still more expensive. osmo-fl2k allows to use USB 3.0 to VGA adapters based on the Fresco Logic FL2000 chip, which are available for around $5, as general purpose DACs and SDR transmitter generating a continuous stream of samples by avoiding the HSYNC and VSYNC blanking intervals.

History

The idea of using VGA adapters as a transmitter has a long history.

However, a major downside with regular graphics cards is that the generated signal of the RAMDAC is not entirely user controllable, as VGA uses horizontal and vertical blanking, thus interrupting the signal. In comparison to competitor devices from DisplayLink, which resemble a classic graphics card with USB 2.0/3.0 interface, Fresco Logic took a different approach for their USB to VGA adapter, which they've also patented. Instead of having the framebuffer for the VGA DAC in the device itself, they use the memory of the host computer and continuously stream the display content via USB. This makes such adapters very cheap, as it essentialy reduces the adapter to a single chip without requiring framebuffer memory. The main drawback is that if the host CPU or USB bus is busy or congested, this results dropouts and flickering of the screen.

After reverse-engineering the USB protocol of the FL2000 in 2016, Steve Markgraf discovered through experimentation that it is possible to operate the FL2000 in a way that both horizontal and vertical synchronization are disabled, thus creating a continous stream of samples. This work resulted in osmo-fl2k, which so far was used to transmit low-power FM, DAB, DVB-T, GSM, UMTS and GPS signals.

Supported Hardware

USB 3.0 VGA Dongles

Only devices based on the Fresco Logic FL2000 chip are supported. Typically they are branded as "USB 3.0 to VGA" adapters, and are advertised with a maximum resolution of 1920 × 1080 for USB 3.0 and 800 × 600 for USB 2.0. Sometimes also 1920 × 1200 is advertised as maximum resolution (this mode only works with few xHCI controllers and enabled RLE compression).

If they are advertised with 2048 × 1152 maximum resolution and support for Mac OS X, or only have a USB 2.0 interface, they contain a DisplayLink chipset and are not compatible with osmo-fl2k! The price range for the FL2000-based adapters is $5-15, whereas the DisplayLink devices typically cost more than $25. Also note that devices sold with USB type C connector contain a different chipset (e.g. Realtek RTD2166) and are just DisplayPort to VGA converters.

Sources include Aliexpress, eBay and Amazon. The devices are available in various sizes, sometimes also with additional DVI or HDMI support. Two of the most typical devices are shown below.

fl2k_devices.jpg

fl2k_pcb_top.jpg

osmo-fl2k_pinout.png

USB Host Controller comparison

The SDR/DAC performance in Megasamples per second depends on the xHCI controller and the host computer. Below are some benchmarking results for your reference:

USB 3.0 Host controller Achievable sample rate
Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) 157 MS/s
Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 21) 155 MS/s
ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1142 USB 3.1 Host Controller 140 MS/s
Fresco Logic FL1100 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 10) 140 MS/s
Fresco Logic FL1100 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 01) 136 MS/s
Fresco Logic FL1009 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 02) 136 MS/s
Etron Technology, Inc. EJ188/EJ198 USB 3.0 Host Controller 129 MS/s
VIA Technologies, Inc. VL805 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 01) 123 MS/s
Etron Technology, Inc. EJ168 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 01) 117 MS/s
Renesas Technology Corp. uPD720202 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 02) 115 MS/s
Intel USB 2.0 EHCI Controller 14 MS/s

Download

Source Code

Source code is available from git.osmocom.org

Using the Software

Realtime WBFM transmission

With fl2k_fm it is possible to transmit wideband FM radio of your soundcard output.

First, you need to know the name of the monitor source of your audio output:

# pacmd list-sources | grep name | grep monitor
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor>

To transmit the audio output as mono WBFM at 95 MHz, you can use the following command:

pacat -r -d alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor | \
pv -B 256k | \
sox -t raw -r 44100 -e signed-integer -L -b 16 -c 2 - -c 1 -e signed-integer -b 16 -t raw - \
biquad 4.76963 -2.98129 0 1 0.78833 0 sinc -15k loudness 5 | \
fl2k_fm - -s 130e6 -c 35e6 -i 44100

In this case, SoX is performing the 15 kHz lowpass filtering of the audio, stereo to mono conversion and FM pre-emphasis (with the biquad filter).
pv is providing some additional buffering, but is optional.

To transmit stereo WBFM with RDS, the following command can be used:

pacat -r -d alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor | \
pv -B 256k | \
sox -t raw -r 44100 -e signed-integer -L -b 16 -c 2 - -c 2 -e signed-integer -b 16 -t raw - \
biquad 4.76963 -2.98129 0 1 0.78833 0 sinc -15k rate -h 228000 loudness 5 | \
fl2k_fm - -s 130e6 -c 30e6 -i 228000 --stereo --rds

Now SoX also re-samples the audio to 228 kHz, which is required when using the RDS modulator.

GSM transmission

The GNU Radio flowgraphs as well as baseband samples required to transmit GSM and UMTS can be found at https://github.com/steve-m/fl2k-examples.

osmo-fl2k_gsm.jpg

Presentation Slides / Recording

On April 22nd, 2018, Steve Markgraf publicly released osmo-fl2k at OsmoDevCon.

Contact / Mailing List

All questions should be directed to the public mailing list, to which you can subscribe at https://lists.osmocom.org/mailman/listinfo/osmocom-sdr

Files (6)
fl2k_devices.jpg View fl2k_devices.jpg 825 KB steve-m, 04/07/2018 08:24 PM
fl2k_pcb_top.jpg View fl2k_pcb_top.jpg 735 KB FL2000 PCB top view steve-m, 04/07/2018 10:53 PM
fl2k_pcb_bottom.jpg View fl2k_pcb_bottom.jpg 751 KB FL2000 PCB bottom view steve-m, 04/07/2018 10:54 PM
osmo-fl2k_pinout.png View osmo-fl2k_pinout.png 565 KB steve-m, 04/08/2018 12:36 AM
osmo-fl2k_gsm.jpg View osmo-fl2k_gsm.jpg 770 KB steve-m, 04/22/2018 02:38 PM
FL2000-1Q0.png View FL2000-1Q0.png 526 KB VGA DAC pins on FL2000-1Q0-DX steve-m, 05/14/2018 08:34 PM

Updated by laforge almost 6 years ago · 27 revisions

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