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tsaitgaist, 09/10/2019 04:21 PM
add limitations

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{{>toc}}
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h1. Cardem
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Card emulation (cardem for short) is a firmware for the SIMtrace v2 board allowing to emulate cards (e.g. SIM).
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You then can leave the card adapter cable in the reader (e.g. phone), and have the actual card outside.
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This allows to easily change or reprogram the card without having to touch the phone.
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This functionality is already implemented and working on sysmoQMOD board.
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It is not also available for SIMtrace v2 boards.
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*This is a beta firmware and still in development*.
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See [[Cardem#Limitations|limitations]] for known limitations and issues.
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h2. Flashing
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You can download the beta firmware for the SIMtrace v2 board here: attachment:simtrace-cardem-flash.bin.
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To flash the firmware on the board:
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<pre>
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dfu-util --device 1d50:60e3 --cfg 1 --alt 1 --reset --download simtrace-cardem-flash.bin
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</pre>
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For more details about the flashing procedure, read [[Flashing#SIMtrace2-board|this article]].
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h2. Software
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With the cardem firmware, the SIMtrace v2 board mainly forwards the ISO 7816 card communication over USB.
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A software on the host must receive the APDU requests and send the corresponding APDU response.
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There are several software available to do that.
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Since the USB messages are "specified":https://git.osmocom.org/simtrace2/tree/firmware/libcommon/include/simtrace_prot.h and the software is "open source":https://git.osmocom.org/simtrace2/tree/host, you could implement your own APDU handler.
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h3. simtrace2-remsim
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@simtrace2-remsim@ is the simplest solution.
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If forwards the APDU request/response to/from a PCSC card reader.
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To get @simtrace2-remsim@:
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* Install required packages to compile the software:
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<pre>
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sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev libosmocore-dev libpcsclite-dev
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</pre>
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* Get and compile the software:
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<pre>
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git clone git://git.osmocom.org/simtrace2.git
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cd simtrace2/host/
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make
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</pre>
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To use @simtrace2-remsim@:
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# power of phone
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# insert card adapter cable into phone
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# insert card adapter cable SIMtrace v2 board
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# plug SIMtrace v2 board in host computer USB port
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# connect external card reader to host (any USB CCID reader should do the job)
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# install PCSC daemon (only need to be done once)
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<pre>
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sudo apt install pcscd
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</pre>
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# ensure the PCSC daemon is started
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<pre>
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sudo systemctl start pcscd
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</pre>
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# install tool to check reader status
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<pre>
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sudo systemctl start pcsc-tools
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</pre>
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# check if the card is detected by the reader (use CTRL-C to exit)
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<pre>
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pcsc_scan 
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Using reader plug'n play mechanism
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Scanning present readers...
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0: OMNIKEY 6321 CLi USB (OKCM0030506091345044320140749730) 00 00
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Tue Sep 10 16:03:49 2019
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 Reader 0: OMNIKEY 6321 CLi USB (OKCM0030506091345044320140749730) 00 00
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  Event number: 0
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  Card state: Card inserted, 
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  ATR: 3B 9F 94 80 1F C7 80 31 E0 73 FE 21 1B 67 01 00 00 04 4D 02 01 99
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</pre>
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# get SIMtrace USB path (this step will soon be not required anymore)
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<pre>
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dfu-util -l
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...
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Found Runtime: [1d50:60e3] ver=0002, devnum=59, cfg=1, intf=1, path="1-2.2", alt=0, name="UNKNOWN", serial="UNKNOWN"
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</pre>
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# start @simtrace2-remsim@ with corresponding USB path (here 1-2.2)
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<pre>
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./simtrace2-remsim --usb-vendor 1d50 --usb-product 60e3 --usb-path 1-2.2 --usb-config 1
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(C) 2010-2017, Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
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(C) 2018, sysmocom -s.f.m.c. GmbH, Author: Kevin Redon <kredon@sysmocom.de>
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SCardEstablishContext: OK
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SCardListReaders: OK
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SCardConnect: OK
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<- 01 05 00 00 00 00 09 00 01 
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<- 02 02 00 00 00 00 09 00 01 
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<= cardem_request_set_atr(3b 00 )
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<- 01 02 00 00 00 00 0b 00 02 3b 00 
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<- 02 01 00 00 00 00 0b 00 02 2c 01 
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Entering main loop
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</pre>
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# now you can power on the phone (only after @simtrace2-remsim@ is started since @simtrace2-remsim@ can't tell the phone a card has been inserted). you should also see some APDU traffic
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<pre>
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URB: 01 06 00 00 00 00 13 00 01 00 00 00 05 00 a0 a4 00 00 02 
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-> 01 06 00 00 00 00 13 00 01 00 00 00 05 00 a0 a4 00 00 02 
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=> DATA: flags=1, a0 a4 00 00 02 : CLA=a0 INS=a4 P1=00 P2=00 P3=02; case=4, lc=2(0), le=0(0)
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<= cardem_request_pb_and_rx(a4, 2)
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<- 01 01 00 00 00 00 0f 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 a4 
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URB: 01 06 00 00 00 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 7f 20 
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-> 01 06 00 00 00 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 7f 20 
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=> DATA: flags=2, 7f 20 : CLA=a0 INS=a4 P1=00 P2=00 P3=02; case=4, lc=2(2), le=0(0)
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TX: a0 a4 00 00 02 7f 20 
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SCardEndTransaction: OK
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RX: 9f 17 
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SW=0x9f17, len_rx=0
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<= cardem_request_sw_tx(9f 17)
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<- 01 01 00 00 00 00 10 00 06 00 00 00 02 00 9f 17 
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URB: 01 06 00 00 00 00 13 00 01 00 00 00 05 00 a0 f2 00 00 17 
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-> 01 06 00 00 00 00 13 00 01 00 00 00 05 00 a0 f2 00 00 17 
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=> DATA: flags=1, a0 f2 00 00 17 : CLA=a0 INS=f2 P1=00 P2=00 P3=17; case=2, lc=0(0), le=23(0)
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TX: a0 f2 00 00 17 
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SCardEndTransaction: OK
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</pre>
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h2. Limitations
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Here are the known limitations:
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* there is no way for SIMtrace to tell the reader that a new card has been inserted. There is no specified way to do it (e.g. in ISO 7816 standard). This is generally done inside the reader hardware by a mechanical switch. The only way around is to restarted the reader (e.g. phone).
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* the cardem is currently a separate firmware. it is planned to combine it with the trace firmware (the software will then select the right functionality)
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* the firmware ignores the sent ATR (sent by the software, from the card to forward). this is to prevent the reader from switching to a yet untested baud rate
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* the error messages returned by @simtrace2-remsim@ are not very useful
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* @simtrace2-remsim@ does not automatically reconnect to the SIMtrace board when the hardware is reset
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* you have to specify the USB path to @simtrace2-remsim@
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* no long term tests have been performed (this is already planned)
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* you can't use the card reader built in SIMtrace
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* @simtrace2-remsim@ does not send the APDU over network so you can trace the traffic using wireshark
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* @simtrace2-remsim-udp@ does not connect to SIMtrace v2 boards
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We are currently working on resolving these issues.
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If you found yet unknown issues, you can report them to the main developer at kredon AT sysmocom DOT de.
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If possible, please also attach the corresponding debug serial output. To get the serial output, connect a USB to UART cable either to the 2.5 mm stereo headphone connector (tip = TX, ring = RX, sleeve = GND) or the nearby DEBUG port (pin 1 = GND, pin 4 = TX, pin 5 = RX). Open the serial port with the following configuration: 921600 8N1.
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