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Anonymous, 02/19/2016 10:48 PM
Start to sketch out the design of the USSD bypass.

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== BSC NAT/MUX ==
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=== Introduction ===
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The OpenBSC NAT is masquerading multiple BSCs behind one. It listens for incoming BSCs on
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port 5000 and connects to a specified MSC. It will forward Paging Requests and MGCP messgaes
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to the right BSC (if it is connected). Each incoming SCCP connection gets patched with a different
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Source Reference to avoid any collision between the different BSCs.
8 2 laforge
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To the network the NAT looks like a real BSC, to the BSC the NAT looks like almost a real MSC. One
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difference is that MGCP messages are not send via UDP but inside the IPA protocol to avoid
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any issues with firewalls and such.
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=== Design ===
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==== USSD Bypass ====
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We want to implement certain USSD messages ourselves, the MSC does not provide an extension
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API so it must be done inside the NAT. On ther other hand we do not want to have complicated code
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inside the NAT, the development of new features should not require a restart of the NAT. This means
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we will have a simple bypass that detects USSD messages that we want to handle and then forwards
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them to an external process. To begin with we will have a static decision making, which will be turned
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into more dynamic pattern matching.
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===== Implementation in the NAT =====
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The difficulty is the management of the SCCP Connection. In case of a USSD operation as part of a
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SMS or as a voice call, we should hope that sending the response arrives before the MSC is sending
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the connection release. If the Connection is created with the intention of USSD we will have to take
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over the connection and close it on the MSC side. It might show that this approach is tricky and we
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might need better handling on the connection close.
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* Keep track of the IMSI of every SCCP Connection. The increase in storage size is acceptable right
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now. We have not started to tune anything in the NAT anyway. (done)
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* Keep track of the Connection Type, identify SS requests in the CM Service Request (done)
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* Listen on a port for incoming USSD Bypass connections. We will use the IPA protocol, with one
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   extra stream identifier for control messages.
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* Identify USSD request to be forwarded to the MSC, send the IMSI and SCCP references to the
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  bridge so it can start doing its job.
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