Hardware Projects » E1/T1 Hardware Interface (including icE1usb)

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h1. Linux generic HDLC layer

The generic HDLC layer for Linux currently supports:

* Frame Relay (ANSI, CCITT, Cisco and no LMI)

** Normal (routed) and Ethernet-bridged (Ethernet device emulation) interfaces can share a single PVC.

** ARP support (no "InARP":https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2390 support in the kernel - there is an experimental InARP user-space daemon "available":https://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/hdlc/.

* raw HDLC - either IP (IPv4) interface or Ethernet device emulation

* Cisco HDLC

* PPP

* X.25 (uses X.25 routines).

Generic HDLC is a protocol driver only - it needs a low-level driver for your particular hardware (e.g. DAHDI with nethdlc).

Ethernet device emulation (using HDLC or Frame-Relay PVC) is compatible with IEEE 802.1Q (VLANs) and 802.1D (Ethernet bridging).

Make sure the hdlc.ko and the hardware driver are loaded. It should create a number of "hdlc" (hdlc0 etc) network devices, one for each

WAN port. You'll need the "sethdlc" utility, get it from:

	http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/hdlc/

Make sure you're using a correct version of sethdlc for your kernel.

The current version is 4, see _GENERIC_HDLC_VERSION_ in "include/uapi/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h

Use sethdlc to set physical interface, HDLC mode used, and add any required PVCs if using Frame Relay.

Usually you want something like:

<pre>

sethdlc hdlc0 cisco interval 10 timeout 25

# or

sethdlc hdlc0 fr lmi ansi

sethdlc hdlc0 create 99

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add localIP peer remoteIP dev pvc0

</pre>

In Frame Relay mode, the "master" hdlcX device has to be setup (without assigning any IP address to it) before you can use pvcX devices.

    e.g. ip link set hdlc0 up 

*Upstream documentation*

https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/generic-hdlc.txt

*Upstream of "sethdlc" and "inarpd"*

https://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/hdlc/

*Upstream kernel code*

include/linux/hdlc.h "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/linux/hdlc.h "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/include/include/linux/hdlc.h "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/include/uapi/include/linux/hdlc.h

include/uapi/linux/hdlc.h "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/hdlc.h "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/hdlc.h "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/hdlc.h

include/uapi/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/include/uapi/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h

drivers/net/wan/hdlc.c "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc.c "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc.c "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc.c

drivers/net/wan/hdlc_cisco.c "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_cisco.c "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_cisco.c "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_cisco.c

drivers/net/wan/hdlc_fr.c "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_fr.c "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_fr.c "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_fr.c

drivers/net/wan/hdlc_ppp.c "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_ppp.c "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_ppp.c "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_ppp.c

drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw.c "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw.c "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw.c "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw.c

drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw.c "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw_eth.c "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw_eth.c "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_raw_eth.c

drivers/net/wan/hdlc_x25.c "mainline":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_x25.c "net":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_x25.c "net-next":https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next.git/tree/drivers/net/wan/hdlc_x25.c

h2. sethdlc

<pre>

# sethdlc 

sethdlc version 1.18

Copyright (C) 2000 - 2005 Krzysztof Halasa <khc@pm.waw.pl>

Usage: sethdlc INTERFACE [PHYSICAL] [clock CLOCK] [LOOPBACK] [slotmap SLOTMAP]

       sethdlc INTERFACE [PROTOCOL]

       sethdlc INTERFACE create | delete [ether] DLCI

       sethdlc INTERFACE private...

PHYSICAL := v24 | v35 | x21 | e1 | t1

CLOCK := int [rate RATE] | ext | txint [rate RATE] | txfromrx

LOOPBACK := loopback | lb

PROTOCOL := hdlc [ENCODING] [PARITY] |

            hdlc-eth [ENCODING] [PARITY] |

            cisco [interval val] [timeout val] |

            fr [lmi LMI] |

            ppp |

            x25

ENCODING := nrz | nrzi | fm-mark | fm-space | manchester

PARITY := no-parity | crc16 | crc16-pr0 | crc16-itu | crc16-itu-pr0 | crc32-itu

LMI := none | (ansi | ccitt | cisco) [LMI_SPEC]

LMI_SPEC := [dce] [t391 val] [t392 val] [n391 val] [n392 val] [n393 val]

</pre>

h2. inarpd

<pre>

# inarpd

inarpd version 0.17

Copyright (C) 2003 Krzysztof Halasa <khc@pm.waw.pl>

Usage: inarpd [-r] [+r] [-r] [+r] [-v] interface ...

options:

   -r       = do not add host IP route for neighbours (default)

   +r       = add host IP route for neighbours

   -v       = print info messages

   -v -v    = print network packets

   -v -v -v = print debug messages

</pre>

<pre>

# inarpd +r -v -v pvc0

Searching for network interfaces...

Device lo has an IP peer with no local IP address

Device eth0 has an IP peer with no local IP address

Can't automatically add routes for device pvc0 with peer address

Interfaces:

   pvc0 [Q922 18:51] 1.1.1.2->1.1.1.0/24

Sending request on pvc0

Sending  00 0F 08 00 02 04 00 08 00 00 01 01 01 02 18 51 00 00 00 00

pvc0: 00 0F 08 00 02 04 00 09 00 00 01 01 01 01 18 51 01 01 01 02

</pre>

h1. DAHDI

*D* igium *A* sterisk *H* ardware *D* evice *I* nterface.

DAHDI (formerly ZAPTEL) is a collection of open source drivers, for Linux, that are used to interface with a variety of telephony related hardware. It consists of two parts:

* DAHDI-Linux - the individual board drivers for the supported hardware.

* DAHDI-Tools -  an assortment of userspace utilities that are used to setup and test the drivers.

upstream DAHDI kernel module (dahdi-linux)

http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/linux.git;a=summary

http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/linux.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/master

next branch (development)

http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/linux.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/next

upstream DAHDI userspace tools (dahdi-tools)

http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/tools.git;a=summary

http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/tools.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/master

next branch (development)

http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/tools.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/next

upstream DAHDI bugtracking

https://issues.asterisk.org/jira/browse/DAHLIN/

https://issues.asterisk.org/jira/browse/DAHTOOL/

DAHDI tools

* dahdi_cfg      - Configures DAHDI kernel modules from "/etc/dahdi/system.conf":http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/tools.git;a=blob_plain;f=system.conf.sample;hb=HEAD

* lsdahdi        - List all DAHDI channels with their types and spans

* dahdi_scan     - Print Configuration of DAHDI spans

* dahdi_hardware - Shows DAHDI hardware devices

* dahdi_maint    - Sets DAHDI spans into maintenance mode, e.g.: loopback

* dahdi_test     - Test if the DAHDI timer provides timely response

* dahdi_tool     - Shows status of DAHDI interfaces (ncurses interface)

Example configuration:

"/etc/dahdi/system.conf":http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/tools.git;a=blob_plain;f=system.conf.sample;hb=HEAD

h2. DAHDI nethdlc

The DAHDI nethdlc driver bundles the channels together into an hdlc network device, which in turn can be configured with sethdlc.

You could optionally pass the name for the network interface after the channel list.

Syntax:  nethdlc=<channel list>[:interface name]

Use original names, don't use the names which have been already registered in the system e.g eth.

The default name for the interface is hdlcX (e.g. hdlc0).

h1. E1 Hardware

h2. osmocom icE1usb

https://shop.sysmocom.de/Osmocom-icE1usb-E1-interface-for-USB/icE1usb-kit

https://osmocom.org/projects/e1-t1-adapter/wiki/IcE1usb

DAHDI driver for icE1usb (written by Harald, available since Dec 2020)

https://osmocom.org/news/129

https://osmocom.org/issues/4923

https://github.com/osmocom/dahdi-linux/tree/laforge/icE1usb

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25556911

for now (01/01/2021) it does *not* work with the prebuild picoRISCV firmware 

http://ftp.osmocom.org/binaries/icE1usb/firmware/all/

firmware build from osmo-e1-hardware (laforge/usb-hdr) works fine

http://cgit.osmocom.org/osmo-e1-hardware/log/?h=laforge/usb-hdr

<pre>

# lsusb

Bus 002 Device 009: ID 1d50:6145 OpenMoko, Inc. icE1usb

</pre>

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

# modprobe icE1usb

# modprobe dahdi

# dahdi_cfg -vv

DAHDI Tools Version - 3.1.0

DAHDI Version: 3.1.0-28-g9ee58bb

Echo Canceller(s):·

Configuration

======================

SPAN 1: CCS/HDB3 Build-out: 0 db (CSU)/0-133 feet (DSX-1)

Channel map:

Channel 01: Network HDLC (Default) (Echo Canceler: none) (Slaves: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31)

31 channels to configure.

Changing signalling on channel 1 from Unused to Network HDLC

Setting echocan for channel 1 to none

Changing signalling on channel 2 from Unused to Slave channel

Changing master of channel 2 from 2 to 1

Setting echocan for channel 2 to none

...

Changing signalling on channel 31 from Unused to Slave channel

Changing master of channel 31 from 31 to 1

Setting echocan for channel 31 to none

# dmesg:

usb 2-2: new full-speed USB device number 10 using xhci_hcd

usb 2-2: config 1 interface 0 altsetting 0 endpoint 0x83 has invalid wMaxPacketSize 0

usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d50, idProduct=6145, bcdDevice= 0.03

usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1

usb 2-2: Product: icE1usb

usb 2-2: Manufacturer: osmocom

usb 2-2: SerialNumber: dc697407e76e1722

...

dahdi: Version: 3.1.0-28-g9ee58bbM

dahdi: Telephony Interface Registered on major 196

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: entering ice1usb_probe

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: Maximum FTS: 12

icE1usb 2-2:1.1: entering ice1usb_probe

icE1usb 2-2:1.1: Unsupported Interface Class/SubClass fe/01

usbcore: registered new interface driver icE1usb

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: entering e1u_d_spanconfig

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: configured channel 1 (icE1usb/1/0/1) sigtype 1920

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: configured channel 2 (icE1usb/1/0/2) sigtype 1920

...

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: configured channel 30 (icE1usb/1/0/30) sigtype 1920

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: configured channel 31 (icE1usb/1/0/31) sigtype 1920

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: entering e1u_d_startup

icE1usb 2-2:1.0: entering ice1usb_set_altif(1)

</pre>

h2. Digium Wildcard TE110P T1/E1

TE110 is a half-length, half-height (low-profile) PCI 2.1 single-span E1/T1/J1 PRI/PRA software-configurable digital telephony card for terminating high-capacity digital lines through a computer. The product was replaced by TE12x-series in 2007 by the "vendor":https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/DAHDI/DAHDI+compatible+hardware and is not longer sold. Even the driver (wcte11xp) was "dropped":http://git.asterisk.org/gitweb/?p=dahdi/linux.git;a=commit;h=3697450317a7bd60bfa7031aad250085928d5c47 from DAHDI upstream.

However the wcte11xp driver was "restored":https://github.com/osmocom/dahdi-linux/commit/e840bc3ea1933168bb9fae68d1a4c6bd647ea821 and "adapted":https://github.com/osmocom/dahdi-linux/commit/ca7765aab49d7bc02689a068078e372cda3a7a5f to DAHDI API changes in the osmocom "fork":https://github.com/osmocom/dahdi-linux of dahdi/linux.

<pre>

# lspci

04:00.0 Network controller: Tiger Jet Network Inc. Tiger3XX Modem/ISDN interface

</pre>

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

# modprobe wcte11xp

# modprobe dahdi

# dahdi_cfg -vv

DAHDI Tools Version - 3.1.0

DAHDI Version: 3.1.0-28-g9ee58bb

Echo Canceller(s):·

Configuration

======================

SPAN 1: CCS/HDB3 Build-out: 0 db (CSU)/0-133 feet (DSX-1)

Channel map:

Channel 01: Network HDLC (Default) (Echo Canceler: none) (Slaves: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31)

31 channels to configure.

Changing signalling on channel 1 from Unused to Network HDLC

Setting echocan for channel 1 to none

Changing signalling on channel 2 from Unused to Slave channel

Changing master of channel 2 from 2 to 1

Setting echocan for channel 2 to none

...

Changing signalling on channel 31 from Unused to Slave channel

Changing master of channel 31 from 31 to 1

Setting echocan for channel 31 to none

# dmesg:

dahdi: Version: 3.1.0-28-g9ee58bb

dahdi: Telephony Interface Registered on major 196

FALC version: 00000000

TE110P: Setting up global serial parameters for E1 FALC V1.2

TE110P: Successfully initialized serial bus for card

Found a Wildcard: Digium Wildcard TE110P T1/E1

TE110P: Span configured for CCS/HDB3/CRC4

Calling startup (flags is 4099)

</pre>

h2. Cisco 1841 Router

Cisco 1841 with IOS version 12.4(24)T6 and C1841-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M features)

<pre>

R1# show version | include IOS

Cisco IOS Software, 1841 Software (C1841-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 12.4(24)T6, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)

R1# show inventory 

NAME: "chassis", DESCR: "1841 chassis"

PID: CISCO1841         , VID: V03 , SN: FCZ1034111U

NAME: "WIC 0", DESCR: "Two port E1 voice interface daughtercard"

PID: VWIC-2MFT-E1=     , VID: 1.0, SN: 35150839  

</pre>

h1. Example setup

h2. HDLC RAW back to back: DAHDI nethdlc to DAHDI nethdlc

<pre>

        hammer                                           thinkpad

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

|        Linux       .1| hdlc0              hdlc0 |.2      Linux         |

|  DAHDI with nethdlc  |   <------------------>   |  DAHDI with nethdlc  |

|  Digium TE110P T1/E1 |         HDLC RAW         |   osmocom icE1usb    |

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

hammer:   10.0.0.1/32

thinkpad: 10.0.0.2/32

</pre>

h3. HDLC RAW sideA wcte11xp

#hammer

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe wcte11xp

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc

modprobe hdlc_raw

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 hdlc

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add 10.0.0.1 peer 10.0.0.2 dev hdlc0

</pre>

* DAHDI nethdlc config

** enable CRC4 checking

** set ccs framing (needed for E1)

** set hdb3 coding (needed for E1)

** use channels 1-31 (all available channels in a E1 line)

* load the required kernel modules

* *_dahdi_cfg_* creates and initializes the hdlc0 interface

* set hdlc0 interface to use

** use rawhdlc encapsulation

** set nrz coding

** set crc16-itu (CRC16 with ITU-T polynomial) parity 

* bring up interfaces

* setup p-t-p ip address

h3. HDLC RAW sideB osmocom icE1usb

#thinkpad

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe icE1usb

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc

modprobe hdlc_raw

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 hdlc

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1 dev hdlc0

</pre>

<pre>

# dmesg:

------------------------------------

hdlc0: Carrier detected

------------------------------------

# sethdlc hdlc0

hdlc0:  protocol hdlc nrz crc16-itu

# ip address show

17: hdlc0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 50

    link/rawhdlc·

    inet 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1/32 scope global hdlc0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

# ping -c 3 10.0.0.1

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=35.7 ms

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=33.8 ms

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=35.9 ms

--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 33.820/35.115/35.866/0.919 ms

</pre>

Cleanup

<pre>

ip link set hdlc0 down

rmmod wcte11xp icE1usb dahdi hdlc_raw hdlc

</pre>

h2. HDLC Cisco back to back: DAHDI nethdlc to DAHDI nethdlc

<pre>

        hammer                                           thinkpad

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

|        Linux       .1| hdlc0              hdlc0 |.2      Linux         |

|  DAHDI with nethdlc  |   <------------------>   |  DAHDI with nethdlc  |

|  Digium TE110P T1/E1 |       HDLC Cisco         |   osmocom icE1usb    |

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

hammer:   10.0.0.1/32

thinkpad: 10.0.0.2/32

</pre>

h3. Cisco HDLC sideA wcte11xp

#hammer

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe wcte11xp

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc

modprobe hdlc_cisco

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 cisco

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add 10.0.0.1 peer 10.0.0.2 dev hdlc0

</pre>

* DAHDI nethdlc config

** enable CRC4 checking

** set ccs framing (needed for E1)

** set hdb3 coding (needed for E1)

** use channels 1-31 (all available channels in a E1 line)

* load the required kernel modules

* *_dahdi_cfg_* creates and initializes the hdlc0 interface

* set hdlc0 interface

** set Cisco HDLC mode

** set interval (default: 10) - time in seconds between keepalive packets

** set timeout  (default: 25) - time in seconds after last received keepalive packet before we assume the link is down

* bring up interface

* setup p-t-p ip address

h3. Cisco HDLC sideB osmocom icE1usb

#thinkpad

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe icE1usb

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc

modprobe hdlc_cisco

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 cisco

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1 dev hdlc0

</pre>

<pre>

# dmesg:

----------------------------------------

hdlc0: Carrier detected

hdlc0: Link up (peer uptime 1d2h54m42s)

----------------------------------------

# sethdlc hdlc0

hdlc0:  protocol cisco interval 10 timeout 25

# ip address show

18: hdlc0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 50

    link/hdlc 

    inet 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1/32 scope global hdlc0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

# ping -c 3 10.0.0.1

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 Bytes von 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 Zeit=40.2 ms

64 Bytes von 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 Zeit=38.8 ms

64 Bytes von 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 Zeit=36.8 ms

--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---

3 Pakete übertragen, 3 empfangen, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 36.772/38.597/40.229/1.417 ms

# tcpdump -ihdlc0 -e -n

tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode

listening on hdlc0, link-type C_HDLC (Cisco HDLC), capture size 262144 bytes

14:22:22.338819 bcast, ethertype Reverse ARP (0x8035), length 22: SLARP (length: 18), keepalive: mineseen=0x00000018, yourseen=0x0000000e, reliability=0xffff, link uptime=1d2h56m55s

14:22:28.571549 bcast, ethertype Reverse ARP (0x8035), length 22: SLARP (length: 18), keepalive: mineseen=0x0000000f, yourseen=0x00000018, reliability=0xffff, link uptime=0d21h56m48s

14:22:32.578778 bcast, ethertype Reverse ARP (0x8035), length 22: SLARP (length: 18), keepalive: mineseen=0x00000019, yourseen=0x0000000f, reliability=0xffff, link uptime=1d2h57m6s

14:22:33.527342 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: ICMP echo request, id 21, seq 1, length 64

14:22:33.567532 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.1 > 10.0.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 21, seq 1, length 64

14:22:34.528739 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: ICMP echo request, id 21, seq 2, length 64

14:22:34.567501 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.1 > 10.0.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 21, seq 2, length 64

14:22:35.530793 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: ICMP echo request, id 21, seq 3, length 64

14:22:35.567512 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.1 > 10.0.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 21, seq 3, length 64

^C

9 packets captured

9 packets received by filter

0 packets dropped by kernel

</pre>

Cleanup

<pre>

ip link set hdlc0 down

rmmod wcte11xp icE1usb dahdi hdlc_cisco hdlc

</pre>

h2. HDLC PPP back to back: DAHDI nethdlc to DAHDI nethdlc

<pre>

        hammer                                           thinkpad

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

|        Linux       .1| hdlc0              hdlc0 |.2      Linux         |

|  DAHDI with nethdlc  |   <------------------>   |  DAHDI with nethdlc  |

|  Digium TE110P T1/E1 |         HDLC PPP         |   osmocom icE1usb    |

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

hammer:   10.0.0.1/32

thinkpad: 10.0.0.2/32

</pre>

h3. HDLC PPP sideA wcte11xp

#hammer

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe wcte11xp

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc

modprobe hdlc_ppp

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 hdlc

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add 10.0.0.1 peer 10.0.0.2 dev hdlc0

</pre>

* DAHDI nethdlc config

** enable CRC4 checking

** set ccs framing (needed for E1)

** set hdb3 coding (needed for E1)

** use channels 1-31 (all available channels in a E1 line)

* load the required kernel modules

* *_dahdi_cfg_* creates and initializes the hdlc0 interface

* set hdlc0 interface to use

** use ppp encapsulation

* bring up interfaces

* setup p-t-p ip address

h3. HDLC PPP sideB osmocom icE1usb

#thinkpad

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe icE1usb

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc

modprobe hdlc_ppp

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 hdlc

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1 dev hdlc0

</pre>

<pre>

# dmesg:

------------------------------------

hdlc0: Carrier detected

hdlc0: LCP up

hdlc0: IPCP up

hdlc0: IPV6CP up

------------------------------------

# sethdlc hdlc0

hdlc0:  protocol ppp

# ip address show

19: hdlc0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 50

    link/ppp 

    inet 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1/32 scope global hdlc0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

# ping -c 3 10.0.0.1

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=35.7 ms

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=33.8 ms

64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=35.9 ms

--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 33.820/35.115/35.866/0.919 ms

</pre>

Cleanup

<pre>

ip link set hdlc0 down

rmmod wcte11xp icE1usb dahdi hdlc_ppp hdlc

</pre>

h2. Frame Relay back to back: DAHDI nethdlc to DAHDI nethdlc

<pre>

        hammer                                               thinkpad

+----------------------+                             +----------------------+

|                      | hdlc0                hdlc0  |                      |

|        Linux         |    pvc0  (HDLC 101)  pvc0   |        Linux         |

|  DAHDI with nethdlc  |    pvc1  (HDLC 102)  pvc1   |  DAHDI with nethdlc  |

|  Digium TE110P T1/E1 |     <------------------>    |   osmocom icE1usb    |

|                      |         Frame Relay         |                      |

+----------------------+                             +----------------------+

          pvc0 (DLCI 101)   pvc1 (DLCI 102)

hammer:   172.16.101.1      172.16.102.1

thinkpad: 172.16.101.2      172.16.102.2

</pre>

Example with 2 DLCI's and LMI (ANSI) enabled.

For FR-back to back connections we need to setup the same DLCI's on both sides.

h3. Frame Relay (DCE side) wcte11xp

#hammer

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe wcte11xp

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc_fr

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 fr lmi ansi dce

sethdlc hdlc0 create 101

sethdlc hdlc0 create 102

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip link set pvc0 up

ip link set pvc1 up

ip address add 172.16.101.1 peer 172.16.101.2 dev pvc0

ip address add 172.16.102.1 peer 172.16.102.2 dev pvc1

</pre>

* DAHDI nethdlc config

** enable CRC4 checking

** set ccs framing (needed for E1)

** set hdb3 coding (needed for E1)

** use channels 1-31 (all available channels in a E1 line)

* load the required kernel modules

* *_dahdi_cfg_* creates and initializes the hdlc0 interface

* set hdlc0 interface to use

** use frame-relay encapsulation

** use LMI (Local Management Interface) type ANSI

** be the DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) side of the FR-network

* bring up up all the interfaces

* setup p-t-p ip addresses

h3. Frame Relay (DTE side) osmocom icE1usb

#thinkpad

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe icE1usb

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc_fr

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 fr lmi ansi

sethdlc hdlc0 create 101

sethdlc hdlc0 create 102

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip link set pvc0 up

ip link set pvc1 up

ip address add 172.16.101.2 peer 172.16.101.1 dev pvc0

ip address add 172.16.102.2 peer 172.16.102.1 dev pvc1

</pre>

<pre>

# dmesg:

------------------------------------

hdlc0: Carrier detected

hdlc0: Link reliable

hdlc0: DLCI 101 [] new inactive

hdlc0: DLCI 102 [] new inactive

hdlc0: DLCI 101 [pvc0] active

hdlc0: DLCI 102 [pvc1] active

------------------------------------

# sethdlc hdlc0

hdlc0:  protocol fr lmi ansi t391 10 t392 15 n391 6 n392 3 n393 4

# sethdlc pvc0

pvc0:   Frame-Relay PVC: DLCI 101, master device hdlc0

# sethdlc pvc1

pvc1:   Frame-Relay PVC: DLCI 102, master device hdlc0

# ip address show

8: hdlc0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 50

    link/frad 

15: pvc0: <POINTOPOINT,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/dlci 00:65 peer 18:51

    inet 172.16.101.2 peer 172.16.101.1/32 scope global pvc0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

16: pvc1: <POINTOPOINT,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000

    link/dlci 00:66 peer 18:61

    inet 172.16.102.2 peer 172.16.102.1/32 scope global pvc1

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

</pre>

* *_ip address show_* shows the DLCI (in hex) for the pvcX interfaces

** pvc0: link/dlci 00:65 (DLCI 101)

** pvc1: link/dlci 00:66 (DLCI 102)

Debugging

<pre>

sethdlc hdlc0

sethdlc pvc0

tcpdump -ihdlc0 -n

tcpdump -ipvc0 -n

ip monitor all

</pre>

Cleanup

<pre>

ip link set pvc0 down

ip link set pvc1 down

sethdlc hdlc0 delete 101

sethdlc hdlc0 delete 102

ip link set hdlc0 down

rmmod wcte11xp icE1usb dahdi hdlc_fr

</pre>

h2. HDLC Cisco back to back: Cisco IOS to DAHDI nethdlc

<pre>

        R1                                                 hammer

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

|     Cisco 1841     .1| Serial0/0/0:1      hdlc0 |.2      Linux         |

|    VWIC-2MFT-E1=     |   <------------------>   |  DAHDI with nethdlc  |

|                      |        HDLC Cisco        |  Digium TE110P T1/E1 |

+----------------------+                          +----------------------+

cisco:  10.0.0.1/32

hammer: 10.0.0.2/32

</pre>

h3. HDLC Cisco sideA - Cisco 1841 with VWIC-2MFT-E1=

#R1

<pre>

R1# conf t

R1(config)# controller E1 0/0/0

R1(config-controller)# clock source internal

R1(config-controller)# channel-group 1 timeslots 1-31 speed 64

R1(config-controller)# exit

R1(config)# exit

R1# conf t

R1(config)# interface Serial0/0/0:1

R1(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)# no shutdown

R1(config-if)# exit

R1(config)# exit

</pre>

* configure E1 controller interface "controller E1 0/0/0"

** *_clock source internal_* specifies that the interface will clock its transmitted data from its internal clock.

** build channel-group 1 (span) by using timeslots "1-31"; this creates a new serial interface: "Serial0/0/0:<channel-group>"

* configure serial interface "Serial 0/0/0:1"

** Cisco uses "Cisco HDLC" encapsulation by default on all serial p-t-p interfaces

** setup ip address

</pre>

<pre>

R1# show logging

... cable plugged

*Jan  4 17:00:13.548: %CONTROLLER-5-UPDOWN: Controller E1 0/0/0, changed state to up

*Jan  4 17:00:15.548: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/0:1, changed state to up

... cable unplugged

*Jan  4 20:47:24.047: %CONTROLLER-5-UPDOWN: Controller E1 0/0/0, changed state to down (LOS detected)

*Jan  4 20:47:26.047: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/0:1, changed state to down

*Jan  4 20:47:27.047: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0:1, changed state to down

R1# show controllers E1 0/0/0 brief

E1 0/0/0 is up.

  Applique type is Channelized E1 - balanced

  No alarms detected.

  alarm-trigger is not set

  Version info Firmware: 20090113, FPGA: 20, spm_count = 0

  Framing is CRC4, Line Code is HDB3, Clock Source is Internal.

  Data in current interval (365 seconds elapsed):

     0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations

     0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins

     0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs

  Total Data (last 24 hours)

     3454 Line Code Violations, 6259 Path Code Violations,

     2 Slip Secs, 2 Fr Loss Secs, 3 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins,

     1 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 4 Severely Err Secs, 66931 Unavail Secs

R1# show interfaces Serial0/0/0:1        

Serial0/0/0:1 is up, line protocol is up 

  Hardware is GT96K Serial

  Internet address is 10.0.0.1/30

  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1984 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec, 

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set

  Keepalive set (10 sec)

  CRC checking enabled

  Last input 00:00:04, output 00:00:03, output hang never

  Last clearing of "show interface" counters 03:55:15

  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: weighted fair

  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) 

     Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)

     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

     Available Bandwidth 1488 kilobits/sec

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     1312 packets input, 28996 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 1310 broadcasts, 0 runts, 1 giants, 0 throttles

     40 input errors, 4 CRC, 1 frame, 1 overrun, 0 ignored, 33 abort

     1640 packets output, 108646 bytes, 0 underruns

     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 6 interface resets

     0 unknown protocol drops

     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

     2 carrier transitions

  Timeslot(s) Used:1-31, SCC: 0, Transmitter delay is 0 flags

R1# debug serial interface 

Serial network interface debugging is on

*Jan  4 20:43:32.695: Serial0/0/0:1: HDLC myseq 1339, mineseen 1338, yourseen 1308, line up 

*Jan  4 20:43:42.695: Serial0/0/0:1: HDLC myseq 1340, mineseen 1340*, yourseen 1309, line up 

*Jan  4 20:43:52.695: Serial0/0/0:1: HDLC myseq 1341, mineseen 1341*, yourseen 1310, line up 

</pre>

Debug

<pre>

R1# show controllers E1 0/0/0

R1# show controllers E1 0/0/0 brief

R1# show interfaces Serial0/0/0:1

R1# show interfaces Serial0/0/0:1 summary

R1# show ip interface brief

!

R2# debug serial interface

R2# debug ip packet

R2# debug arp

R2# show debug

R2# terminal monitor

R2# no debug all

</pre>

h3. HDLC Cisco sideB osmocom icE1usb

#hammer

<pre>

/etc/dahdi/system.conf

---------------------------

span = 1,1,0,ccs,hdb3,crc4

nethdlc = 1-31

---------------------------

modprobe icE1usb

modprobe dahdi

modprobe hdlc

modprobe hdlc_cisco

dahdi_cfg -vv

sethdlc hdlc0 cisco

ip link set hdlc0 up

ip address add 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1 dev hdlc0

</pre>

<pre>

# dmesg:

----------------------------------------

hdlc0: Carrier detected

hdlc0: Link up (peer uptime 1d2h54m42s)

----------------------------------------

# sethdlc hdlc0

hdlc0:  protocol cisco interval 10 timeout 25

# ip address show

18: hdlc0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 50

    link/hdlc 

    inet 10.0.0.2 peer 10.0.0.1/32 scope global hdlc0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

# tcpdump -ihdlc0 -e -n

tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode

listening on hdlc0, link-type C_HDLC (Cisco HDLC), capture size 262144 bytes

21:29:12.168888 bcast, ethertype Reverse ARP (0x8035), length 24: SLARP (length: 20), keepalive: mineseen=0x00000041, yourseen=0x0000003f, reliability=0xffff, link uptime=9d15h23m8s

21:29:13.021980 bcast, ethertype Reverse ARP (0x8035), length 22: SLARP (length: 18), keepalive: mineseen=0x00000040, yourseen=0x00000041, reliability=0xffff, link uptime=1d5h5m22s

21:29:19.656778 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: ICMP echo request, id 14, seq 1, length 64

21:29:19.660809 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.1 > 10.0.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 14, seq 1, length 64

21:29:20.658004 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: ICMP echo request, id 14, seq 2, length 64

21:29:20.661663 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.1 > 10.0.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 14, seq 2, length 64

21:29:21.659821 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: ICMP echo request, id 14, seq 3, length 64

21:29:21.663519 unicast, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 88: 10.0.0.1 > 10.0.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 14, seq 3, length 64

21:29:22.167445 bcast, ethertype Reverse ARP (0x8035), length 24: SLARP (length: 20), keepalive: mineseen=0x00000042, yourseen=0x00000040, reliability=0xffff, link uptime=9d15h23m18s

21:29:23.261982 bcast, ethertype Reverse ARP (0x8035), length 22: SLARP (length: 18), keepalive: mineseen=0x00000041, yourseen=0x00000042, reliability=0xffff, link uptime=1d5h5m32s

^C

10 packets captured

10 packets received by filter

0 packets dropped by kernel

</pre>

Cleanup

<pre>

ip link set hdlc0 down

rmmod wcte11xp icE1usb dahdi hdlc_cisco hdlc

</pre>